Planning and writing an essay or composition. Read the question or essay title carefully to make sure you understand exactly what is required.
BRAINSTROMING: Quickly note down some ideas on the topic as you think of them. Then write down some vocabulary that you know you will need to write about this object.
PLANNING: if you are asked to discuss a topic or give your opinion it is important to organize your thoughts and present your arguments clearly in paragraphs, and to work out the structure of your essay before you start to write.
ESSAY PLAN
Paragraph 1
Introduce the topic.
Paragraph 2
Give points of view and information, in support of the argument, with reasons.
Paragraph 3
Give contrasting views
Paragraph 4
Conclude (give your own opinion or interpretation of the facts.)
Using links and markers
Below are some useful words and phrases to help guide your reader through the essays. The examples given are extracts to show how the words and phrases can be used. You should not start every sentence with one of these words or phrases.
Introducing a point:
- Nowadays many children spend their time watching TV rather than being active.
- There are two main reasons for this, firstly ….
Describing consequence:
- As a result, levels of fitness are declining.
- Consequently, childhood obesity is becoming increasingly widespread.
Giving more information:
- In addition, increasing amounts of fast food are being consumed.
- Furthermore/Moreover, many children spend a great deal of time on the internet.
- Finally/Lastly, parents are less likely to join their children in sporting activities.
Introducing a contrasting point:
- However, some schools are trying to encourage healthier eating.
- In contrast, other countries have introduced compulsory sports lessons.
- On the other hand, certain sports are experiencing increased popularity.
- There was some resistance to the schemes. Nevertheless the organizers persevered and have had some success.
- While/Whereas the government wants to tackle the issue, advertisers continue to target young children.
Concluding:
- In conclusion/ To sum up, it is the responsibility, not of the government, but of individuals to change their lifestyle.
Oxford: the world's authority on the English language - OXFORD university press
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